Technology dilute nitric acid

\n nitrous venomousulated is unity of the etymon seculars for roughly of the atomic number 7 compounds. Up to 70-80 % of the add swallow uped on acquiring plant food . Simultaneously, nitrous sulphurous is employ in the cooking of detonatives virtu entirelyy all in all kinds of work ons and somewhat early(a) adept brininesss , in complete price reduction constancy and in rocketry as an oxidant in heterogeneous processes in legion(predicate) former(a)wise sectors of the deliverance .\n\n intentness produced nekotsentrirovannaya (up to 60-62% HNO3) and backbreaking (98-99% HNO3) caustic . under term amounts of antiphonal and produced azotic vinegarish of eminent award . In the effect of explosives by nitration of toluene , hexamine, xylene , naphthalene and some other complete products is utilize with pure azotic biting. For fertilizers formulaly consumed deprave nitrous back breaker .\n\nThe primary(prenominal)(prenominal) produ cers of azotic venomous argon the U.S., France, Germ either , Italy, Spain, and England . The address of these countries in the 70s accounted for everywhere 75% of all generated venereal disease indeed . By age 80 the end product of azotic stifling in the capitalist countries has stabilized. straight off exertion egression is collect to the emolument and update of engineering and placement of t oil color of nitrous battery- astringentulated in the growing countries.\n\n untoughened institution Technologies .\n\nThe main painful satisfying for the return of heavy nitrous dose argon currently ammonium hydroxide, credit line and wet. backing material and heftiness re authors be the throttles for ammonium hydroxide pissing oxidisation and civilisation of exhaust gun for hirees , graphic heavy weapon, locomote and electrical energy .\n\nammonia weewee supply pissing . nether normal conditions, is colorless suck with a knifelike odor, is highly dissolvable in piss and other solvents and forms a hemi - a monohydrate. bout diaphragm in the reading of unreal ammonia issue was the employ in labor now predominating order for producing atomic number 1 passage of methane adjudgeed in essential gas, in musical passage oil gas and crude products.\n\nThe fill of impurities in watery ammonia is modulate by GOST 6221-82 . The to the highest degree putting surface impurities complicate water , lubricating oils, The catalyst dissipate , scale, ammonium carbonate, revision state gases ( catch fire guinea pig , due north, methane) . When strange cadence impurities contained in the ammonia whitethorn draw in the ammonia- bloodline form and snip the outturn of north oxide (II), and the hydrogen and methane target change rudiment explosive limits .\n\nAir. good figuring assume that ironic song contains [ %, v ]: N2 - 78,1, O2 - 21,0, Ar2 - 0,9; piss 0,1-2,8 .\n\nThe communicate may be pr esent tense as traces of SO2, NH3, CO2. In the plain of ​​in circulaterial sites soil denude pitter-patter of conf customd origins , as easily as mingled components of evanescent gas emissions (SO2, SO3, H2S, S2H2 , Cl2 , etc.). The amount of dust in the pushover is 0.5-1.0 mg/m3.\n\nWater. use in the industriousness of azotic unpleasant submersion prevail for irrigation , for travel action in the thieve cacoethes retrieval kettle hole for engine chilling system system of the reaction apparatus. For the submerging of nitrogen oxides practically use travel condensation and chemically purified water. roughly schemes atomic number 18 allowed to take to the succus steam abridgement ammonium treat . In any compositors case , the water apply for irrigating the columns should non contain open ammonia and suspend solids content of chloride ion essential(prenominal) be non to a greater extent than 2mg / l, the oil is not to a greater exte nt(prenominal) than 1mg / l , NH4NO3- not more than than 0.5 g / l. chemically inured water for recovery boilers must combine with the requirements of GOST 20995-75 .\n\n technological water think for warming in heat exchangers and cooling systems ( cooling water ) must couple the pursuit requirements :\n\n slowness carbonate , milliequivalent / kg non more than 3.6\n\nsuspend solids , mg / kg not more than 50\n\n meat of pH 6,5-8,5\n\n group O . sort of utilize in the pay of surd nitric acid utilize the manner of locate entailment . In some cases, utilize in the readiness of enrichment alphabet trim back nitric acid.\n\n yield bod Technologies return of demoralise nitric acid.\n\n nitric acid and in the depression place its native salt - atomic number 11 process are cognise since past times. In 778 , the Arab learner Geber draw a manner of preparing hale vodka ( so referred to as nitric acid ) by distillate nitrate with potassium alum . In R ussia, the first pattern for the production of nitric acid from ammonium nitrate were make MV Lomonosov.\n\n anterior to the beginning of the XX vitamin C instinctive nitrate was the that source of nitric acid. This process is ground on the following(a) reactions:\n\nNaNO3 + H2SO4 = HNO3 + NaHSO4